Management Research Methods

Questions: 1) Define the terms with brief examples; ontology, episemology and research 'paradigm'.2)Evaluate the literatre reviewing within the article in terms of its coverage and currency, analysis, criticality, synthesis and the identification of gaps in the existing literatre.3) Explain the 4 main principles of ethical management research and evaluate the empirical research reported in the article against these principles. Answers: 1. Research Paradigm The authors did the study about the contribution of the university accommodation to international student security. The international students that come to Australia or any other country can avail university accommodation or they can arrange their own accommodation outside the campus. The presence of university accommodation provides the social and the physical security to international students. In the past there has been various cases of the violence against the international students in Australia. Therefore, authors wanted to research about the role of university accommodation in the security concern of international students. Authors used secondary research methods to complete their research. An ontological position refers to the researcher relationship with the reality of his study (Goertz Mahoney, 2012). Authors used the logical positivism approach to complete their research. Epistemology is the knowledge about the knowledge. It focuses on the things that people know and the w ay people know the things. In this study, authors have used a constructivist epistemology to complete the research. Authors have approached the research in an effective manner. Authors decided the stance that they want to use in the research. Once the ontological and epistemological framework was decided the next step for authors was to develop the specific research questions (Scotland, 2012). Authors developed the cause and effect relationship between the two variables of university accommodation and security of international students. In the research, authors have established the relationship between these two variables. The security of international students is the dependent variable and the university accommodation is the independent variable. The existing literature was studies and researched to establish the relationship between these two variables. It appears that the authors have used the suitable ontological and epistemological stance to complete the research. The research problem is a real life problem and the people in the society can have different perceptions about the problem. Therefore, it is important to use the subjective approach to complete this research. Authors did the research without indulging themselves into any preconceived notions. 2. Evaluation of literature review Authors used the secondary method of research to complete the research. A lot of researches have been done in this area. The objective of the authors was to use the existing researches to make meaningful conclusions. It can be said that the literature review is an important part of the research work. One of the good points of the literature review of authors is that they collected the data and information from various sources. The literature review was an important part of the research for authors. As a part of literature review, authors have used more than 20 sources to complete the research. In terms of coverage, it can be said that authors have a completed an exhaustive literature review. Authors have a good coverage of the literature review. Authors have also done good analysis from the existing literature. It is important that the researchers should select only the credible and reliable sources to conduct the analysis and to complete the literature review. The good point of the literature review is that the authors have collected the data only from credible and reliable sources. Authors have not used any blogs or websites to complete the literature review. The analysis of the literature review has been qualitative for the authors. As a part of secondary research, authors have used the qualitative methods of research to complete the research. Authors used the critical analysis to complete the literature review. It would be correct to say that the authors were critical in their approach to complete the literature review. There would always be certain gaps in the literature and with this research authors have tried to bridge that research gap. A lot of researches have been done in this area that discusses the problem at a global level. However, there are limited researches that address this issue in the Australian context (Forbes, 2013). Authors conducted the study to bridge this existing gap. Authors did a focused research and the research of the authors were focused to Australia and Australian universities. On a scale of 1 to 10, the literature review of this study can be rated as 8 out of 10. It would be correct to say that the literature review of this research is a major strength of the study. Authors have taken a critical approach to complete the literature review. As a part of literature review, authors picked different resources and analyze the source. With this literature review, authors were able to synthesize the information from the analysis of the existing literature. 3. Ethical management principles There are a number of ethical principles that should be taken into account when performing the research. The need of the ethical principles or the basic guidelines the surrounds the ethical principles are: Beneficence: To do well Non-Malfeasance: To do no harm Anonymity and Confidentiality: To protect the privacy of respondents No deceptive practices: To tell the research objectives and truth to all the stakeholders The research shows that authors have maintained the high ethical standards. Authors have not compromised on ethics to complete the research. As a part of research, authors have focused to fulfill all the above ethical principles. The research highlights that all the above four principles are covered in the research work. Authors used a very systematic and structural approach to complete the work. The entire research work was done to do well and to shed new information in the area of university accommodation and security of international students. Therefore, it can be said that there is a good empirical evidence of beneficence in the research work. Likewise, in the research work, the authors did not have any objective or hidden agenda to harm anyone. The research was done to establish the relationship between two variables and this relationship was established (Mayson, 2010). Moreover, the principles of beneficence and non-malfeasance are more critical when the research includes the p rimary research. However, in this research work, the authors used the secondary research methods to complete the research. The ethical principle of anonymity and confidentiality is more applicable in the primary research. This ethical principle states that the personal data and information of respondents should be held secured and the personal information should not be declared without taking the consent from the respondents. It can be said that this principles is not directly applicable as there were no respondents in this research (Hemmings, 2012). In this research work, the authors ensured that they are not using any deceptive practices to complete the research. Authors completed the research in a fair and unbiased manner. The literature review was the major chunk of the research and it was done with a holistic analysis and critical evaluation of the secondary sources. There is a critical evidence of effectiveness and thought process in the literature review. It would be correct to say that the deceptive practices like biasness or the personal opinions can dilute the research goals and objectives. How ever, it does not happen in this case as the authors ensured that their personal opinions and judgements do not interfere with their research goals, aim, objectives and methodologies. Reference Goertz, G., Mahoney, J. (2012). Concepts and measurement: Ontology and epistemology.Social Science Information,51(2), 205-216. Hemmings, C. (2012). 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